|
|
| Sans serif |
| One of a number of typefaces without serifs. |
| |
| Satellite principle |
| The principle by which offset printing works. Several complete units, including plate cylinder, blanket, inking unit and damping unit, are arranged around a central impression cylinder. In this way, all the colors are printed in a single, wet-on-wet process. |
| |
| SC |
| See "HWC". |
| |
| Scanner |
| A device for capturing image data which works by optically reading or “scanning” the original. Light-sensitive sensors convert information regarding image brightness and colors into electrical values. The two major types of scanners are the drum and the flatbed. See also “drum scanner” and “flatbed scanner”. |
| |
| Screen |
| In image reproduction terminology, an area made up of small geometric forms of either regular or random arrangement, for example round, square or other shaped dots and lines. The screen is used to convert contone images into a black/white or full-color representation suitable for printing. This is done by varying either the size or the frequency of the elements to reflect the brightness of the image. |
| |
| Screen angle |
| With regular screens the angle of the screen from the vertical. When single colors are used, the screen is generally positioned diagonally (45 or 135 degrees). In multicolor printing, different screen angles should be used for different colors in order to prevent overlay effects (moiré). DIN 16547 prescribes angles of 0, 15, 75 and 45 degrees for the colors yellow, magenta, cyan and black. |
| |
| Screen dot |
| An element of an image based on a complex mathematical structure, according to which an area is defined and a gray value is determined. The more exact the rendering of black is, the more accurate the gray values must be in the use of inks, toners or other chemicals. |
| |
| Screen dot distribution |
| The manner in which the individual dots are arranged within a defined area of a screen. There are two screening techniques, amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). |
| |
| Screen element |
| A part or fragment of an image as seen on a computer monitor. The smallest screen element is the dot, and several dots make up a pixel. |
| |
| Screen model |
| Model generated by geometric modeling or computer simulation techniques and used for an optical comparison of different screening systems. The process enables manufacturers of CtP imagesetters to develop new optimized screening systems. |
|
| |
| Screen proof |
| Proof used for layout and color information control, and to check the screen structures of a print. Screen proofs are intended to eliminate moiré, rosette and other undesired effects. As the printing data contain no screen information before screening of the images in the RIP (raster image processor), screening must be performed before a screen proof is printed. |
| |
| Screen resolution |
| The number of pixels displayed on a screen; at present, high-resolution screens are capable of displaying 1024 x 768 pixels and more. |
| |
| Screen ruling |
| The number of dots per unit length that a screen contains. Common specifications are l/cm (lines per cm) and lpi (lines per inch). “60 screen” means 60 l/cm and corresponds to approximately 150 lpi. |
| |
| Secondary pulp |
| Pulp consisting of raw materials reclaimed from wastepaper. The term can refer to chemical pulp, wood pulp or a mixture of the two. |
| |
| See-through register |
| A print element on banknotes used to protect against counterfeiting. Parts of a character or symbol are printed on both sides of the note and only appear as a complete character when the note is held up to light. |
| |
| Selective binding |
| The personalized production of bound print products from a selection of components. Selective binding can be used to produce different versions of catalogs tailored to specific customer groups or when various advertising motifs are required for different issues of a magazine. |
| |
| Semi- fine |
| Paper stock with a mechanical wood pulp content of more than five percent. The term is usually reserved for uncoated papers, as coated stock is usually referred to as “slightly mechanical”. |
| |
| Senefelder, Alois (1771-1834) |
| The inventor of lithography and stone printing. In 1796, Senefelder discovered that by using a greasy substance to write on polished Solnhofen limestone and then lightly etching it with an acidic gum Arabic solution, ink would only adhere to the areas which had been written on. In 1818, Senefelder published his “Vollständiges Lehrbuch der Steindruckerei” (The Complete Textbook of Stone Printing), in which he outlined how the discovery came about. |
| |
| Separation |
| The decomposition of the color data of an image into separate colors (in accordance with the CMYK color model) for the individual passes of the four-color printing procedure; also denotes means the conversion of RGB colors in to CMYK colors. |
| |
| Separation algorithm |
| One of the formulas or procedures performed for color space transformation. |
|
|
| |
| Serif |
| A small stroke at the end of the lines of a letter. This design feature is typical of so-called Roman faces. Serifs cater to the perception mechanism of the human eye and thus make type faces easier to read. |
| |
| Serigraphy |
| Silk screen printing. |
| |
| Set form |
| A text layout in which the length of the lines varies according to the placement of optional images or graphic elements. |
| |
| SGML (standardized feneralized mark-up language) |
| A standardized language (ISO 8879) used to depict structured texts. SGML is very versatile, but is difficult to use due to its size. Of greater significance is XML, a reduced version of SGML designed specifically for exchanging structured data in the Internet. |
| |
| Sheet feeder |
| The component of a sheetfed offset printing press or a print finisher in which the sheet is aligned to front and side lays. The function of the feeder is to align the sheets arriving in shingles or as separate sheets and to position them before they are transferred to the gripper systems. |
| |
| Sheetfed offset press |
| The most popular form of lithographic printing used today, of which there are two variations, sheetfed offset and web offset. Sheetfed offset presses print individual, cut sheets. These presses are subdivided into the following format classes, indicating the maximum format of sheet that can be used:
0 500 mm x 700 mm
I 560 mm x 830 mm
II 610 mm x 860 mm
III 650 mm x 965 mm
III b 720 mm x 1020 mm
IV 780 mm x 1120 mm
V 890 mm x 1260 mm
VI 1000 mm x 1400 mm
VII 1100 mm x 1600 mm
X 1400 mm x 2000 mm |
| |
| Signature |
| Markings made on a book block to ensure the correct sequence of sheets, sheet parts and sections when bound. |
| |
| Silver halide |
| The material most commonly used for printing plates, the characteristics of which include high light sensitivity and a wide exposure range. The disadvantages of silver halide plates include the impossibility of daylight processing, high variations between batches and high contamination of the plate developer. |
| |
| Simultaneous contrast |
| The ability of the eye to process hues depending on the surrounding colors. The phenomenon of simultaneous contrast results from the fact that the human eye does not reproduce colors as accurately as possible in accordance with their physical values, but tries to emphasize differences. This also means that the change of a color tone in a color design may fundamentally change the character of the design. |
| |
| .sit |
| A compression format and the corresponding file extension used primarily with Apple computers. |
|
|
| |
| Sizing |
| The process by which certain materials such as glue, rosin or starch are added to the furnish or pulp mass of a paper before processing. Sizing increases the ink receptivity of a paper and gives it other special characteristics. Special grades may be subsequently surfaced-sized on the dry end of the paper machine. |
| |
| Sizing strength |
| See "picking resistance". |
| |
| Slab serif font |
| A font type with slab-like or serifs, originally called “Egyptienne”. |
| |
| Small caps |
| The term used for upper-case letters with a size equal to the basic height of lower-case letters. Small caps are used to emphasize individual words in a text. |
| |
| Smart labels |
| Labels that are used for the identification of objects and that contain transponders as components of radio-based wireless identification systems. These devices can be designed so small and light that they can be easily incorporated in to standard adhesive labels. See also “RFID”. |
| |
| Soft proof |
| A proof that is seen on a color video monitor, as opposed to a hard proof on paper. |
| |
| Spacing (letter spacing, text spacing) |
| The adjustment of the space between letters in a text. |
| |
| Special color |
| See "spot color". |
| |
| Spectral color |
| Light of a single wavelength. When white light is separated by means of a prism, a continuum of the spectral colors red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet is produced. A spectral color cannot be further separated. |
| |
| Spectrophotometer |
| An instrument that attains color measurements for the subjective perception of colors and presents them in a simple, practical manner. A spectrophotometer usually measures the ratio of incident light and reflected light of a color sample in exactly defined wavelength steps and distances over the total visible range. |
| |
| Speedmaster CD 102 Duo |
| A press from Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG designed for offset and flexographic printing and high-quality inline production. The machine can perform such special functions as applying opaque white onto metallic foils, or the use of high-quality gold or silver inks that can be overprinted inline with offset inks. Flexographic units can be used upstream or downstream of the press’s six offset printing units, and printers can combine conventional inks, water-based coatings, UV inks and UV coatings at will. A special chambered blade system known as the FlexoKit is available for gold and silver coatings, which consist of large, ultra-thin aluminum pigments. |
| |
| Spot color (special color) |
| A color that cannot be created with the standard methods of the CMYK color scale. Examples are fluorescent colors, gold and silver. |
| |
| Spreading |
| See "trapping". |
| |
| Stack |
| Paper fed into a cutting machine for cutting. |
|
|
| |
| Stack height |
| The maximum height of a stack accepted by the cutting machine. |
| |
| Standard color space |
| A mathematical model for determining the chromes and lightness of the respective parts of the spectral range in an objective manner. |
| |
| Standard tristimulus values |
| The standard values determined based on the manner in which the three types of receptors on the human retina process orange red (x), green (y) and blue (z). These standard values form the basis of the CIELAB color system. |
| |
| Standardization (process calibration) |
| A process by which production conditions and color standards are specified, which includes the determination of required colorimetric and densitometric values as well as of dot gain for the CMYK process colors. As far as ink and paper, the standards can be identified in tests and documented. In order to optimize the prepress stage, all necessary output devices are calibrated at the beginning so that they always deliver identical, repeatable results. In a further step, the imagesetters are adjusted so that the desired dot gain in printing is ensured. Once standardization has been carried out, the color space of the printing press and upstream output systems is measured. The data determined is then used to define ICC profiles, which are fed into the workflow to ensure true color through all stages – from the calibrated monitor to the proof and the printing press. |
| |
| Stitcher |
| A device used for stitching printed products with wire staples. The term is more generally applied to gatherer-stitchers, which perform all processes involved in the manufacture of wire-stitched magazines and brochures. Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG markets stitchers under the brand name Stitchmaster. |
| |
| Stochastic screening |
| A screening procedure in which a printable continuous tone structure is produced by varying the dot frequency depending on the tonal values. The dot size remains the same (in contrast to halftone screening). The irregular arrangement of the dots creates a moiré effect. |
| |
| Stone printing |
| A form of lithographic printing that involves the use of Solnhofen limestone from the Franconia region of Germany for the printing forme. Invented by Alois Senefelder in 1796, the technology was particularly popular in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, though today stone printing is generally only used for graphics work. |
| |
| Subtractive color synthesis |
| The process by which a color impression is created by filtering out individual frequency ranges from the overall spectrum of visible light. In color printing this is done by overprinting the inks. |
|
|
| |